What are Corals? | Saltwater Aquariums. Blessings Aquarium

Corals are marine invertebrates within the class Anthozoa of the phylum Cnidaria. They typically live in compact colonies of many identical individual polyps. Each polyp is a sac-like animal typically only a few millimeters in diameter and a few centimeters in height. A set of tentacles surround a central mouth opening. An exoskeleton is excreted near the base. Over many generations, the colony thus creates a large skeleton that is characteristic of the species. Individual heads grow by asexual reproduction of individual polyps. Corals also breed sexually by spawning: polyps of the same species release gametes simultaneously over a period of one to several nights around a full moon.

Though corals exist both in shallow and deep ocean waters, most people are familiar with the vibrant, diverse ecosystems created by shallow-water corals, often referred to as coral reefs. These ecosystems are often compared to underwater rainforests due to their rich biodiversity. Coral reefs provide habitat for a vast array of marine life and are vital to maintaining the health of the world's oceans. They are also crucial for the livelihood and food supply of millions of people worldwide.

Corals have a unique symbiotic relationship with a type of algae called zooxanthellae. The algae reside in the corals' tissues, providing them with energy through photosynthesis and in return, receiving protection and access to sunlight. This relationship is critical for the health of the coral and the ecosystem it supports. However, corals are sensitive to environmental changes, including water temperature, salinity, and pollution, which can cause coral bleaching and have detrimental impacts on coral reef ecosystems.

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