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Cane toads, also known as Bufo marinus, are large, warty amphibians that native to Central and South America. They are one of the most widespread and invasive species found throughout the world. Cane toads were introduced to various countries, including Australia, in the early 1900s to control pests in sugarcane fields. However, their introduction led to disastrous consequences, as they quickly spread across the continent, causing significant harm to native wildlife.

Cane toads are typically brown or grey in colour and can grow up to 23 cm in length. Their skin is dry and warty, providing protection against predators. They are nocturnal animals and are known for their loud mating calls, which can be heard from a distance.

Cane toads have a highly toxic venom in their skin glands, which they use as a defense mechanism against predators. When threatened, they excrete a milky white toxin, which can cause irritation, blindness, and even death in animals that ingest them. This toxin poses a severe threat to native animals, as they are not adapted to dealing with such toxins and can easily fall prey to the cane toad's defense mechanism.

Since their introduction to Australia, cane toads have caused significant ecological imbalances, as they have few natural predators. The toads compete with native wildlife for food and resources, causing declines in populations of small animals such as lizards and frogs. They have also caused declines in populations of larger predators, such as snakes and crocodiles, which rely on small animals for food.

Despite efforts to control their populations, cane toads remain a significant problem in many parts of the world. Their eradication requires a long-term and comprehensive approach, including the use of biological controls, such as parasites and predators, and community education programs to prevent the introduction of invasive species.



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